Analysis
This question seemed almost trivial before the pandemic, as forecasts were euphoric, driven by increased global trade and the development of Asian tourism, but still (too) little concerned with environmental issues. The 2020 Covid crisis temporarily put a sharp brake on airport activity, before seeing their health quickly recover and returning to levels of traffic, […]
Key takeaways: The EU’s Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR) has quietly created a second, economically complex review track for large cross-border M&A. The first two in-depth cases under FSR, e&/PPF and ADNOC/Covestro, now set the practical and strategic contours of this new regime. Their outcomes reveal how the Commission interprets “distortive” state support and what it […]
How has AI already reshaped the business models of companies today, and what are the strategies they should implement to adapt to this transformation? Artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming corporate business models. It does more than simply enhance the efficiency of existing processes. It is reshaping how value is created, captured, and monetized. Here are […]
Major beauty groups are showing clear signs of recovery. Estée Lauder has returned to growth after four consecutive quarters of decline, while Shiseido has also reported positive results following four negative quarters out of the last five. L’Oréal and Puig continue to outperform, maintaining their leadership in growth among major players. Coty remains under pressure; […]
What is a car? The usual definition is as follows: a light, motorised land vehicle, generally with four wheels, designed for the individual transport of people and luggage. The need for such means is enduring, but the way it is met – and therefore the product itself – can change. The economist would add that […]
The text below is a summary of the article published in the Polytechnique Insights newsletter on 14 May 2025, by Anaïs Marechal, Anne de Bortoli, Associate Professor at the Université du Québec à Montréal and Associate Researcher at the École des Ponts ParisTech (IP Paris), and Jean-Philippe Hermine, Director General of the Institut mobilités en […]
Beyond the technological challenge they represent, ‘autonomous cars’ confront us with an unprecedented moral issue. For autonomy, in the strongest sense, belongs only to human beings, capable of setting their own rules for action. A machine, no matter how sophisticated, simply executes what has been encoded in it. The question of the illusory responsibility of […]
In France, over 20 million people live in areas with limited access to public transport. The young start-up Ecov has set itself an ambitious mission: to transform the private car into a form of everyday shared transport. Founded in 2014 by Thomas Matagne, Ecov designs and operates carpooling lines on behalf of local authorities. These […]
At the crossroads of profound technological and societal changes, the car is the leading consumer good in OECD countries. It has undergone major transformations in recent years. CO2 tax, weight-related penalties, low-emission zones, purchase bonuses… These are all tools deployed in Europe to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). This shift towards electrification is […]
In just a few years, the automotive world has changed radically. In China, Europe and some emerging countries, electrification has become a reality. The world can rejoice at this development, one that is in line with the crucial green transition. On the industrial front, both the design and manufacture of vehicles have been revolutionised. We […]
On October 14, 2025, the European Commission imposed fines exceeding €157 million on Kering’s Gucci, Richemont’s Chloé, and LVMH’s Loewe for engaging in anticompetitive pricing practices.[1] This is not merely a regulatory headline, it represents a direct challenge to a fundamental mechanic of luxury brand strategy and serves as a warning for industries well beyond […]
Our review of the French property market for the first half of 2025 is now available. This period marks a turning point after several years of turbulence: the gradual fall in interest rates and the stabilisation of construction costs are reshaping the sector’s outlook. Some observations in the first half of 2025: Inflation, now below […]