{"id":22375,"date":"2018-07-26T09:57:51","date_gmt":"2018-07-26T07:57:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/football-episode-2-inexorable-concentration-european-football\/"},"modified":"2024-01-30T18:08:03","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T17:08:03","slug":"football-episode-2-concentration-inexorable-football-europeen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/fr\/football-episode-2-inexorable-concentration-european-football\/","title":{"rendered":"Football Episode 2 - L'inexorable concentration du football europ\u00e9en"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Troisi\u00e8me auteur :<br \/>\nFranck Bancel (Conseiller acad\u00e9mique)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les moyens financiers n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00eatre comp\u00e9titifs en Ligue des champions sont hors de port\u00e9e de la plupart des clubs.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le football europ\u00e9en repose sur une structure pyramidale. En bas, on trouve les clubs amateurs de chaque pays ; en haut, les clubs de premi\u00e8re division. Cette structure repose sur l'id\u00e9e qu'il existe une certaine \"perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9\" entre le football amateur et le football professionnel. M\u00eame si cela reste rare, une \u00e9quipe de football amateur est cens\u00e9e pouvoir battre n'importe quel club professionnel, notamment lors des championnats nationaux organis\u00e9s dans les diff\u00e9rents pays europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n<p>Cette structure pyramidale contraste fortement avec le concept de ligue ferm\u00e9e, qui caract\u00e9rise le sport professionnel en Am\u00e9rique du Nord (NBA, NFL, etc.). Par d\u00e9finition, les \u00e9quipes engag\u00e9es dans une ligue ferm\u00e9e ne risquent pas d'\u00eatre rel\u00e9gu\u00e9es dans les divisions inf\u00e9rieures. L'organisation des ligues ferm\u00e9es nord-am\u00e9ricaines repose sur tout un syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9gulation qui vise \u00e0 garantir l'\u00e9quit\u00e9 entre les clubs. \u00c0 la fin de chaque saison, les meilleurs joueurs universitaires sont r\u00e9partis entre les \u00e9quipes professionnelles par un tirage au sort qui favorise les \u00e9quipes les moins bien class\u00e9es (\"draft\").<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>1. LA LIGUE DES CHAMPIONS, \u00c0 PREMI\u00c8RE VUE, OUVERTE...<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Le football europ\u00e9en pr\u00e9conise le maintien du syst\u00e8me de ligue ouverte. Toutefois, cela masque une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente. Le football professionnel se caract\u00e9rise aujourd'hui par une concentration des moyens financiers entre un nombre limit\u00e9 de clubs. Ces grands clubs ne sont plus en concurrence qu'entre eux, comme ce serait le cas dans une ligue ferm\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>L'UEFA a n\u00e9anmoins lanc\u00e9 le \"fair-play financier\" en 2010, mais sans r\u00e9glementer directement les conditions de l'\u00e9quit\u00e9 sportive. Les grands clubs europ\u00e9ens peuvent acheter les joueurs les plus talentueux, entretenir d'immenses \u00e9quipes de salari\u00e9s et disposer de tous les moyens n\u00e9cessaires pour assurer leur domination exclusive sur le sport.<\/p>\n<p>La Ligue des champions, la plus prestigieuse des comp\u00e9titions de football en Europe, en est le parfait exemple. \u00c0 premi\u00e8re vue, toutes les \u00e9quipes participant \u00e0 la Ligue des champions sont cens\u00e9es pouvoir la remporter. Cependant, quand on regarde les vingt derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de la comp\u00e9tition, au lieu de voir cette glorieuse incertitude, on voit le renforcement significatif de la place de certains pays et de certains clubs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>2. MOINS D'ESPACE POUR LES \"PETITES\" NATIONS DU FOOTBALL<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Selon une \u00e9tude d'Accur'League, entre 1995 et 2001, seuls 25% des quarts de finalistes de la Ligue des champions n'\u00e9taient pas issus des \"cinq grands\" championnats europ\u00e9ens (Angleterre, France, Allemagne, Italie et Espagne). Depuis 2002, ce pourcentage moyen n'est plus que de 13%.<\/p>\n<p>En demi-finale, la pr\u00e9sence d'un club d'une \"petite\" nation de football devient une sorte d'anomalie statistique - depuis 2005, seul le PSV Eindhoven a atteint ce stade de la comp\u00e9tition. Les moyens financiers n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00eatre comp\u00e9titif en Ligue des champions sont hors de port\u00e9e de la plupart des clubs. Si l'on observe les clubs ayant particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la Ligue des champions au cours des dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, on constate que les recettes des clubs en quart de finale s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent en moyenne \u00e0 248 millions d'euros, celles des clubs en demi-finale \u00e0 348 millions d'euros et celles du vainqueur \u00e0 379 millions d'euros.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 partir de 2018, les quatre premiers pays de l'indice UEFA (Espagne, Angleterre, Allemagne et Italie) auront automatiquement quatre \u00e9quipes participant \u00e0 la ligue. Cette r\u00e9forme r\u00e9duira encore le risque de non-participation pour les clubs de ces quatre pays, qui pourront ainsi r\u00e9aliser des investissements encore plus importants.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>3. CONCLUSION<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>La Ligue des champions ressemble d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 une ligue ferm\u00e9e, et cette tendance devrait s'accentuer au cours des prochaines ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><em>Article des Echos - 05\/08\/2017<\/em><\/h6>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Third author : Franck Bancel (Academic Advisor) &nbsp; The financial means necessary to be competitive in the Champions League are beyond the reach of most clubs. European football is based on a pyramid structure. At the bottom, we find each country\u2019s amateur clubs; at the top, we find the clubs in the top division. This [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[122],"tags":[174],"class_list":["post-22375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-perspectives","tag-perspectives"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Football Episode 2 - The inexorable concentration of European football - Accuracy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/fr\/football-episode-2-concentration-inexorable-football-europeen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Football Episode 2 - The inexorable concentration of European football\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Third author : Franck Bancel (Academic Advisor) &nbsp; The financial means necessary to be competitive in the Champions League are beyond the reach of most clubs. 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