{"id":22266,"date":"2022-11-04T15:08:49","date_gmt":"2022-11-04T14:08:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/accuracy-talks-straight-6-the-cultural-corner\/"},"modified":"2024-09-09T17:46:26","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T15:46:26","slug":"la-precision-parle-droit-6-le-coin-culturel-les-donnees-zombies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/fr\/accuracy-talks-straight-6-the-cultural-corner-zombie-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Donn\u00e9es sur les zombies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Data est-il conscient ? <\/strong>Cette question, pos\u00e9e \u00e0 propos d'un personnage de la s\u00e9rie Star Trek, est reprise par le philosophe David Chalmers dans son dernier ouvrage <strong>R\u00e9alit\u00e9 +<\/strong>.<sup>1<\/sup> Data est le nom d'un andro\u00efde. Dans l'\u00e9pisode de la s\u00e9rie intitul\u00e9 \"The Measure of a Man\", <strong>un proc\u00e8s a lieu pour d\u00e9terminer si Data est un \u00eatre intelligent et conscient.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>L'intelligence du robot humano\u00efde ne fait aucun doute : <\/strong>Les donn\u00e9es ont la capacit\u00e9 d'apprendre, de comprendre et de g\u00e9rer de nouvelles situations. Cependant, la question de savoir si Data est consciente reste sans r\u00e9ponse. Data a-t-elle une vie int\u00e9rieure avec des perceptions, des \u00e9motions et des pens\u00e9es conscientes ? <strong>Ou Data est-il ce que les philosophes appellent un \"zombie\" ? <\/strong>En philosophie, un zombie est un syst\u00e8me qui, ext\u00e9rieurement, se comporte comme un \u00eatre conscient mais qui, int\u00e9rieurement, n'a pas d'exp\u00e9rience consciente. <strong>Il se comporte de mani\u00e8re intelligente, mais n'a pas de vie int\u00e9rieure ni de r\u00e9flexivit\u00e9 sur ses actions.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Chalmers a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette histoire <strong>de se demander si un syst\u00e8me num\u00e9rique peut \u00eatre conscient <\/strong>ou si seuls les humains et les animaux sont dou\u00e9s de conscience. Pour cet \u00e9tonnant philosophe australien, un syst\u00e8me simulant parfaitement les fonctions d'un cerveau pourrait \u00eatre conscient au m\u00eame titre qu'un cerveau biologique. Ce qui le conduit \u00e0 des sp\u00e9culations vertigineuses : dans ce cas, <strong>En refl\u00e9tant cette logique, notre conscience r\u00e9elle n'est-elle pas simplement la<\/strong> <strong>effet d'une simulation ? Ne vivons-nous pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans un m\u00e9tavers, et notre dieu n'est-il pas un ordinateur ?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Si nous faisons de l'histoire du bien nomm\u00e9 Data une all\u00e9gorie, nous pouvons l'utiliser pour soulever une question \u00e9thique simple lorsque nous exploitons des donn\u00e9es. <strong>De quel type de donn\u00e9es s'agit-il ? Donn\u00e9es zombies ou donn\u00e9es conscientes ? <\/strong>Dans le premier cas, nous r\u00e9coltons des donn\u00e9es qui semblent se comporter de mani\u00e8re intelligente, mais dont le contenu est finalement vide et sans int\u00e9r\u00eat. Nous avons tous fait l'exp\u00e9rience de parcourir des masses de donn\u00e9es pour des r\u00e9sultats parfois tr\u00e8s faibles, voire absurdes ! <strong>On peut ajouter que les donn\u00e9es nous transforment, nous aussi, en zombies... <\/strong>Car nous voil\u00e0 r\u00e9duits \u00e0 des agr\u00e9gats de comportements ext\u00e9rieurs (achats effectu\u00e9s, mots-cl\u00e9s tap\u00e9s dans les moteurs de recherche, conversations tenues sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux, etc.) cens\u00e9s encapsuler nos d\u00e9sirs int\u00e9rieurs - qui restent tout de m\u00eame un peu plus subtils. <strong>Les donn\u00e9es sur les zombies font les gens zombies !<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>En ce qui concerne les donn\u00e9es conscientes, <strong>nous pouvons \u00eatre certains que les Big Data n'ont pas la conscience du syst\u00e8me <\/strong>que Chalmers juge tout \u00e0 fait plausible dans le futur. Il ne reste alors plus qu'\u00e0 la conscience ext\u00e9rieure humaine de donner un sens aux donn\u00e9es, de les humaniser. C'est comme Data l'andro\u00efde, qui a besoin d'un ami humain pour \u00e9voluer, un r\u00f4le rempli par le capitaine Picard dans Star Trek. <strong>Les personnes conscientes font des donn\u00e9es conscientes !<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>____________<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><sup>1<\/sup><em> David J. Chalmers, \"Reality +. Les mondes virtuels et les probl\u00e8mes de la philosophie\", Penguin Books\/Allen Lane, 2022.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2018Is Data conscious?\u2019 This question, asked in relation to a character from the series Star Trek, is taken up by the philosopher David Chalmers in his latest book Reality +.1 Data is the name of an android. In the episode of the series titled \u2018The Measure of a Man\u2019, a trial takes place to determine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[312,60],"tags":[313],"class_list":["post-22266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-data","category-insights","tag-accuracy-talks-straight-6"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Zombie Data - Accuracy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/fr\/la-precision-parle-droit-6-le-coin-culturel-les-donnees-zombies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zombie Data\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2018Is Data conscious?\u2019 This question, asked in relation to a character from the series Star Trek, is taken up by the philosopher David Chalmers in his latest book Reality +.1 Data is the name of an android. 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