{"id":39343,"date":"2023-12-06T09:00:12","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/?p=39343"},"modified":"2025-02-20T14:33:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T13:33:33","slug":"not-just-a-transition-a-just-transition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/en_gb\/not-just-a-transition-a-just-transition\/","title":{"rendered":"Not just a transition, a just transition"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction: what is the \u201cjust transition\u201d?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Climate change, along with measures for the green transition,\u00a0 will create winners and losers, exacerbating social inequalities\u00a0 and frustrations at local and global scales.<\/span><\/p>\n

The concept of \u201cjust transition\u201d addresses this challenge by\u00a0 decarbonising global economies in a way that is fair for both\u00a0 people and countries. Locally, it involves transitioning to more\u00a0 environmentally sustainable economies, minimising harm\u00a0 to workers or regions dependent on high carbon-emitting\u00a0 sectors and creating opportunities for decent work and\u00a0 green quality jobs for all. Globally, it also entails mobilising\u00a0 additional financial resources to assist developing countries\u00a0 in adapting to extreme events related to climate change, as\u00a0 well as in transitioning to more sustainable economic models.<\/span><\/p>\n

The \u201cDoughnut\u201d metaphor by economist Kate Raworth\u00a0 illustrates this 21<\/span>st <\/span>century challenge: to meet the needs of all\u00a0 within the limits of the planet. We must ensure that collectively\u00a0 we do not overshoot our pressure on Earth\u2019s life-supporting\u00a0 systems \u2013 the environmental ceiling; in parallel, we must\u00a0 ensure that no one falls short on life\u2019s essentials \u2013 the social\u00a0 foundation. The just transition encapsulates all this.<\/span><\/p>\n

Illustration 1: The Doughnut of social and planetary\u00a0 boundaries (2017)<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Source: <\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.kateraworth.com\/doughnut\/<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

What we are facing is not just a transition, but the challenges\u00a0 associated with a just transition.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.Previous COPs and current initiatives<\/strong><\/h3>\n

A. JUST TRANSITION AT COPS<\/strong><\/p>\n

The concept of a \u201cjust transition\u201d was initially championed by trade unions and includes a strong commitment to social\u00a0 dialogue and workplace rights. The notion of just transition was included in the 2015 Paris Agreement at COP21, and it was\u00a0 further elaborated in the Just Transition Guidelines, established by the International Labour Organization (ILO).<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2018, Poland advocated for the \u201cjust transition\u201d during COP24, which it hosted. Poland is heavily dependent on coal, with\u00a0 many people working in the mining sector, and so its need for a just transition is pressing. The Polish COP president called on\u00a0 the conference to consider the negative socio-economic impacts of the transition in a document, the Silesian Declaration on\u00a0 Solidarity and Just Transition.<\/span><\/p>\n

Last year, at COP27, government and industry actors showed awareness of the existing \u201csocial dimension gap\u201d and the need\u00a0 to address it. COP27 highlighted the importance of a just transition in climate change responses and included new initiatives\u00a0 on youth, financing and knowledge exchange. For the first time, a pavilion, hosted by the European Commission and the ILO,\u00a0 was dedicated to the topic of the just transition. Two main challenges were pursued.<\/span><\/p>\n

First, tackling social aspects of the transition to net zero, with initiatives such as the launch of a new \u201cGreen Jobs for Youth\u00a0 Pact\u201d. This aims to help close the skills gap in relation to green jobs for young people in developing countries. Another\u00a0 initiative unveiled a \u201cJust Transition Finance Tool on Banking and Investment Activities\u201d, developed with the London School of\u00a0 Economics, to help financial institutions embed a just transition dimension throughout their operations.<\/span><\/p>\n

Second, COP27 also saw the adoption of the idea of a fund to compensate \u201cLoss and Damage\u201d in developing countries\u00a0 from events related to climate change \u2013 with many questions about what climate justice means at a global scale… Indeed, <\/span>historically, G20 countries have emitted the majority of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) driving the climate crises; however, these\u00a0 emissions have the greatest impact on developing countries. Who should pay what? That was the question at the centre of\u00a0 the debates. Should financing be based on historical GHG emissions, current emissions or whether a nation has become\u00a0 wealthy from extracting and selling fossil fuels? Despite these questions, the idea was set in motion, and COP28 is bringing\u00a0 it to reality, as we shall see shortly.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. CURRENT FRAMEWORKS: THE EXAMPLES OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL AND SOUTH AFRICA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Concrete frameworks to support a just transition have already been put in place around the world. The announcement of the\u00a0 European Green Deal in 2019 included pledges to \u201cleave no one behind\u201d. The Just Transition Mechanism, which provides\u00a0 targeted support intended to mobilise about \u20ac55 billion, and the Social Climate Fund, expected to mobilise some \u20ac25.4 billion\u00a0 in investments, are some of the EU\u2019s main measures announced to date intended to mitigate the impact of the transition on\u00a0 the most affected regions, vulnerable individuals and businesses.<\/span><\/p>\n

Illustration 2: Leave no one behind: the ambition of the Green Deal for a Just Transition<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Source: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:52019DC0640<\/a><\/p>\n

Another example is the \u201cJust Transition Framework\u201d (adopted in May 2022), a planning tool for achieving a just transition in\u00a0 South Africa. It sets out the policy measures and undertakings by different social partners to minimise the social and economic\u00a0 impacts of the climate transition and to improve the livelihoods of those most vulnerable to climate change. It is positioned\u00a0 at the nexus of climate development issues in South Africa and considered as a model by many countries around the world.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.COP28: what is at stake for the just transition<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \n
      \n
    1. THE ACTIVATION OF THE LOSS AND DAMAGE FUND<\/span>The opening day of COP28 in Dubai marked a significant step with the official establishment and activation of the \u201cLoss\u00a0 and Damage\u201d Fund created the year prior. The United Arab Emirates spearheaded the contributions with a $100 million\u00a0 commitment to the fund, joined by Germany for the same amount. The European Union pledged an additional $120 million, the\u00a0 UK committed up to \u00a360 million, the USA offered $17.5 million and Japan contributed $10 million. In total, five countries and the\u00a0 EU have promised over $420 million to initiate this historic fund, highlighting COP28\u2019s early success in mobilising resources for\u00a0 climate-affected developing nations. However, questions remain about how this fund will be managed, who will benefit from\u00a0 it and when.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. ENERGY SECTOR: AT THE CROSSROADS OF MANY JUST TRANSITION ISSUES<\/span>The shift towards a net-zero carbon economy is expected to generate millions of new jobs, while simultaneously leading to\u00a0 the disappearance of numerous others. The vast majority of existing jobs will undergo profound changes. This unparalleled\u00a0 restructuring wave will have varied impacts across several areas, such as skill requirements, gender, age, types of economic\u00a0 activities, industrial sectors and geographical regions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        With other industries such as automotive or construction, the energy sector will be one of those most affected by the drive for\u00a0 decarbonisation at national and global levels. Many challenges for the energy sector also relate to just transition issues:<\/span><\/p>\n

        1. Manage a just phasedown or phaseout of fossil fuels <\/span>(coal, oil, etc.). In the context of the transition towards\u00a0 decarbonisation, how can we support the sectors, regions and workers who depend on fossil fuels? For example, in the\u00a0 coal-based power sector, most jobs will disappear in the EU within a decade, and the regional effects will be difficult; over\u00a0 90 per cent of coal jobs are concentrated in ten regions, four of which are in Poland. For its part, South Africa needs to\u00a0 transition from a 90% coal-generated electricity system to one that incorporates renewable energies, such as solar and\u00a0 wind power. That is why the country has decided to launch a Just Energy Transition (JET) programme, which aims to make\u00a0 the process of shifting to a better energy system as fair and just as possible. COP28 has just seen the birth of a coalition to\u00a0 accelerate the phase-out of coal \u00ac\u2013 the Coal Transition Accelerator. Driven by France, Canada, the EU, the United States\u00a0 and Indonesia, this coalition commits to launching a Coal Transition Commission tasked with unlocking public and private\u00a0 funding to support the transition from the existing coal fleet.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        2. Accompany job growth related to decarbonisation<\/span>. To be capable of limiting global warming to +1.5\u00b0C, renewable\u00a0 electricity capacity would need to triple by 2030: the transition will come with increasing demand for skills in the renewable\u00a0 energy sector and resource efficiency. How can this be turned into an opportunity to create quality jobs that are inclusive\u00a0 and respect all the essential rights of workers? How can training, reskilling and upskilling be made available to the wider\u00a0 workforce to ensure that nobody is left behind?<\/span><\/p>\n

        3. Ensure universal energy access<\/span>. The goals of reducing GHG emissions and granting access to energy to all rapidly may\u00a0 be considered somewhat incompatible. In the energy sector, we can clearly see how social goals can lead to tension with\u00a0 climate goals. For example, 940 million people in the world (13% of the global population) do not have access to electricity.\u00a0 Providing them with electricity will inevitably increase emissions. How can electricity from renewable energy sources be\u00a0 made accessible to everyone, everywhere, from an economic and infrastructure standpoint?<\/span><\/p>\n

        4. Recognise the role and the rights of indigenous peoples. Indigenous communities often face significant challenges in the face of energy development projects. These include loss of land and forced displacement in the context of new energy projects. For instance, the Lake Turkana windfarm in Kenya, built on indigenous land without community consent, has led to forced migration, conflicts, gender-based violence, water and food insecurity, as well as the disruption of cultural and language traditions due to the influx of construction workers. Every renewable energy project must be developed in consultation with and respect for the rights of indigenous peoples.<\/p>\n

        All these issues explain why the energy sector is at the heart of an entire day on 5 December 2023 at COP28, dedicated simultaneously to Just Transition, Energy and Industry, and Indigenous Peoples. This day focuses on levers and pathways for rapid decarbonisation, job growth and economic opportunity, and just transition across the full energy and industrial value chains. It highlights the role of indigenous peoples \u2013 and reinforces the urgency of a fully inclusive approach \u2013 in the just transition.<\/p>\n

        Conclusion: key principles for a just transition<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        Thus, it is hoped that COP28 will succeed in establishing the just transition as the new perspective for addressing green\u00a0 transition challenges. It is already clear that \u201cjust transition\u201d is one of the buzzwords of COP28. It can be heard dozens of times\u00a0 at every panel, and for the first time ever, the UN\u2019s Convention on Climate Change process now includes a Just Transition\u00a0 Programme to be discussed. But, as Sir Robin Budenberg, chair of Lloyds Banking Group, emphasises, the net-zero transition\u00a0 will only be effective if seven principles are respected, and all stakeholders jointly assume their responsibilities:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Robust government policy<\/span>: we need net zero plans that ensure climate goals are delivered in a way that protects\u00a0 communities from disruption and harnesses opportunities.<\/span><\/li>\n
        2. Buy-in from companies and financial institutions<\/span>: companies need to anticipate the social risks and opportunities of the\u00a0 transition and incorporate them into their net zero plans. They should encourage participation by all stakeholders, including\u00a0 their workers and the communities where they operate.<\/span><\/li>\n
        3. A regional focus<\/span>: there needs to be a place-based approach to integrate just transition principles into energy, agriculture,\u00a0 buildings and other policies in ways that reflect the need of each region and community.<\/span><\/li>\n
        4. Clear sector pathways<\/span>: phasing out oil and gas and increasing renewables is absolutely key. But all sectors need net zero\u00a0 pathways that include just transition principles.<\/span><\/li>\n
        5. Mobilising finance<\/span>: we need to mobilise private finance for net zero \u2013 a fivefold increase in funding is required this decade <\/span>\u2013 and we must integrate just transition principles into green finance.<\/li>\n
        6. Measurement and metrics<\/span>: metrics are essential to allocate capital and resources but also to avoid \u201cjustice washing\u201d and\u00a0 prevent a just transition being used as an excuse for delaying action.<\/span><\/li>\n
        7. Global action<\/span>: developing countries will be hardest hit, and we need to mobilise finance via partnerships between\u00a0 developed and developing countries and prioritise efforts to crowd in private finance. A just transition has to be core to\u00a0 every country\u2019s net zero plans.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n

          Sophie Chassat – Senior VP Sustainability – Accuracy<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Introduction: what is the \u201cjust transition\u201d? Climate change, along with measures for the green transition,\u00a0 will create winners and losers, exacerbating social inequalities\u00a0 and frustrations at local and global scales. The concept of \u201cjust transition\u201d addresses this challenge by\u00a0 decarbonising global economies in a way that is fair for both\u00a0 people and countries. Locally, it […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":39347,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[212,122,274],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","category-perspectives","category-sustainability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNot just a transition, a just transition - Accuracy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/en_gb\/not-just-a-transition-a-just-transition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Not just a transition, a just transition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction: what is the \u201cjust transition\u201d? Climate change, along with measures for the green transition,\u00a0 will create winners and losers, exacerbating social inequalities\u00a0 and frustrations at local and global scales. The concept of \u201cjust transition\u201d addresses this challenge by\u00a0 decarbonising global economies in a way that is fair for both\u00a0 people and countries. 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Climate change, along with measures for the green transition,\u00a0 will create winners and losers, exacerbating social inequalities\u00a0 and frustrations at local and global scales. The concept of \u201cjust transition\u201d addresses this challenge by\u00a0 decarbonising global economies in a way that is fair for both\u00a0 people and countries. 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