{"id":22669,"date":"2020-03-01T17:28:30","date_gmt":"2020-03-01T16:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/supporting-start-ups-episode-3-how-is-the-moroccan-innovation-ecosystem-being-built\/"},"modified":"2024-01-30T18:06:48","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T17:06:48","slug":"supporting-start-ups-episode-3-how-is-the-moroccan-innovation-ecosystem-being-built","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/en_gb\/supporting-start-ups-episode-3-how-is-the-moroccan-innovation-ecosystem-being-built\/","title":{"rendered":"Supporting start-ups Episode 3 – How is the Moroccan innovation ecosystem being built?"},"content":{"rendered":"

SUPPORTING START-UPS<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Episode 1:<\/strong><\/a>
\nHow do business support structures enable value creation in France?<\/p>\n

Episode 2:<\/strong><\/a>
\nBusiness support structures looking for a new role and new models<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

IN SUMMARY<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

At a time when innovation is increasingly becoming the driving force behind all economies, start-ups find themselves on the front line thanks to their simple and agile structures that enable them to venture into the most promising sectors.<\/p>\n

However, innovation cannot develop successfully without a complete and adapted ecosystem, bringing together all the players that must interact and join forces to bring innovative projects to life (organisations, companies, start-ups, universities, investors).<\/p>\n

This article details the dynamics that are\u00a0 forging the innovation ecosystem in Morocco, whether related to national strategies or private initiatives. Our mapping of support structures makes it possible to assess strategic issues in particular, for any country looking to take full advantage of its potential for talent\u00a0 and entrepreneurship.<\/p>\n

This is key as innovation constitutes a critical lever for the economic growth and development of a country.<\/p>\n

A.\u00a0 Support structures for innovative start-ups have multiplied in Morocco thanks to political and private initiatives.<\/p>\n

B. Nonetheless, their presence in Morocco remains uneven and concentrated in the Casablanca region.<\/p>\n

C. Large Moroccan companies are progressively contributing to the innovation ecosystem and are starting to use open innovation as a value creation lever.<\/p>\n

D. Moroccan innovation,\u00a0 measured in terms of patent applications and start-up fundraising, is still not achieving its full potential.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. INNOVATION SUPPORT STRUCTURES IN MOROCCO
\n<\/span><\/strong>WHAT DOES THE CURRENT INNOVATION LANDSCAPE IN MOROCCO LOOK LIKE?
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. A growing number of structures
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Support structures are composed of both physical and non-physical structures. They include (i) incubators and accelerators, (ii) co-\u00a0 working spaces, (iii) support programmes and (iv) financing programmes. Based on our research, there are 74 active and planned support\u00a0 structures in the country.<\/p>\n

Among them, Technopark was the pioneer and now constitutes a textbook case. Created in 2001 as the fruit of a\u00a0 public\u2013private partnership, Technopark is managed by the MITC (Moroccan Information Technopark Company), whose founding\u00a0 shareholders are the Moroccan state (35%), the Caisse de D\u00e9p\u00f4t et de Gestion (17.5%) and Moroccan banks (47.5%). The MITC offers\u00a0 work spaces and supports startups by allowing them to benefit from its privileged ecosystem. The model was duplicated in Rabat in 2012\u00a0 and Tangier in 2015 and will soon be duplicated in Agadir (opening planned in 2021). Technopark has supported over 1,100 companies\u00a0 since its creation, particularly in the information and communication technology (ICT), green technology and cultural industry sectors. It\u00a0 is well known that start-ups require financial support and specialised assistance. But the need to integrate them into a community to\u00a0 interact and exchange ideas is just as vital. Indeed, a start-up community represents a rich and diverse source of collective intelligence,\u00a0 which enables start-ups to discuss ideas in co-working spaces, exchange best practices and build a network to develop.<\/p>\n

New structures\u00a0 have developed in Morocco with this very thinking in mind, offering support, training and mentoring services. These support structures\u00a0 organise different events like hackathons, where various teams (composed of developers and project leaders) must find the solution to a\u00a0 strategic issue by producing a proof of concept (in general, software or an application) in a very short space of time. In December 2019,\u00a0 Emerging Business Factory organised the first \u2018water hackathon\u2019 in Marrakech with the aim of making water use in the area sustainable\u00a0 and eco-responsible.<\/p>\n

Other support structures have implemented co-working spaces for all those who wish to launch their entrepreneurial projects and are looking for a community of partners. One such example is New Work Lab, created in Casablanca in 2013. It is a space dedicated to the development of Moroccan start-ups through the organisation of meetings, training and the provision of a co-working space.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mapping of start-up support structures<\/u><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

B. An uneven geographic split
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Although support structures are concentrated primarily in and around Casablanca, regional dynamics resulting from a strong political will\u00a0 take shape through:<\/p>\n

\u2022 the duplication of Technopark in other cities in the country;<\/p>\n

\u2022 regional development projects, such as the innovation city of the Souss-Massa region, which plans to make R&D laboratories available\u00a0 to start-ups, or Mazagan\u2019s urban hub, developed by the OCP and the government;<\/p>\n

\u2022 support mechanisms on a national scale, with for example the R\u00e9seau Entreprendre Maroc and Injaz Al-Maghrib, which support start-\u00a0 ups, or even the financing programme Fonds Innov Invest.<\/p>\n

However, the support offered in some large Moroccan cities, like Fes and\u00a0 Meknes for example, is far below the needs of their large student populations.<\/p>\n

At the start of the school year in 2017, the Euromed University of Fes (UEMF) had over 1,300 students and researchers2<\/sup>, suggesting a\u00a0 potential talent and entrepreneur pool that should not be neglected.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C. Mostly generalist structures supported by a wide range of sponsors
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Though the vast majority (75.7%) of support structures are generalist, three specialisations stand out:<\/p>\n

\u2022 ICT, in particular thanks to the rise of fintechs working with corporates (e.g. StartOn, Fintech Challenge);<\/p>\n

\u2022 green technology, with Morocco having set itself the target of reducing its energy dependence and investing in renewable energies (e.g.\u00a0 Social Green Tech Bidaya);<\/p>\n

\u2022 the social and solidarity economy, relying on, for example, sport to create a link between youth employment and the entrepreneurial\u00a0 spirit (e.g. TIBU Maroc).<\/p>\n

It is interesting to note that the sponsors of support structures are diverse: 57% of support structures are backed\u00a0 by at least two organisations (assistance, financial support, etc.). Further, 32% of these structures come from public-private partnerships.\u00a0 Entrepreneurial support initiatives thus form part of a collective intelligence approach, a pooling of resources between complementary players \u2013 in short, open innovation.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. THE GROWING INVOLVEMENT OF LARGE COMPANIES
\nHOW ARE LARGE MOROCCAN COMPANIES TAKING HOLD OF INNOVATION?
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A. OCP: a heavyweight in the national economy and a global innovation model
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Moroccan companies are gradually incorporating open innovation and digitalisation into their organisations in addition to increasing their\u00a0 employees\u2019 awareness of innovation culture. A good example of this can be found in the OCP group.<\/p>\n

OCP is the world leader in\u00a0 phosphates and the leading industrial company in Morocco. It has put in place an ambitious investment programme (2008-2027), where\u00a0 it aims to double its mining capacity and triple its transformation capacity.<\/p>\n

However, where it is of particular interest is in its efforts to\u00a0 boost innovation. Indeed, it has initiated several projects to boost innovation in Morocco and within the group. In addition to physical\u00a0 support structures, numerous programmes have been implemented, such as the Seed- Stars Startup Competition or the Impulse\u00a0 acceleration programme in partnership with Mass Challenge, as detailed below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

The university environment gives us access to innumerable research centres across the world and open innovation […]
\nWhen we are at the university, we are able to have a different type of dialogue, one that is much more productive<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Mohamed Soual, <\/strong>chef economist at OCP.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B. The growing involvement of Moroccan banks
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Moroccan banks are not to be outdone in this matter. Attijariwafa Bank and BMCE Bank of Africa were pioneers in 2001 by financing\u00a0 Technopark Casablanca. They have been highly active in the promotion of innovation over the past five years.<\/p>\n

Moroccan banks\u2019 initiatives in favour of entrepreneurs have naturally led them to turn their innovation approach inwards to improve their\u00a0 own processes and offers in the context of increasing digitalisation. But the delegation of support management to a pure player is often\u00a0 essential in order to facilitate cooperation and maximise value creation between stakeholders. This is particularly the case when the\u00a0 stakeholders have very different cultures, notably when it comes to public-private partnerships.<\/p>\n

Though Morocco\u2019s start-up ecosystem has been strengthened by the launch of various support and financing mechanisms (as detailed\u00a0 below), the number of innovative technology companies in the country measured in terms of patents and fundraising is not meeting its\u00a0 potential, as detailed in the following pages.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Management of support structures created by Moroccan companies on the Moroccan All Shares Index (MASI)<\/u>\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3. INNOVATION AND ITS FINANCING IN MOROCCO
\nHOW HAS INNOVATION DEVELOPPED IN MOROCCO OVER THE PAST FIFTEEN YEARS?
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. Successive industrialisation strategies have contributed to raising the general level of innovation
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Comprehensively evaluating the innovative nature of a country requires consideration of its institutional environment, infrastructure,\u00a0 training, R&D, and market structure and creation. The Global Innovation Index 2019 ranks Morocco 74th out of 126 countries based on\u00a0 80 variables ranging from ease of obtaining credit to the protection of minority interests in a company. This index also distinguishes\u00a0 between input variables that define a country\u2019s potential for innovation and output variables that measure effective innovation.<\/p>\n

Our\u00a0 analyses here focus on the two output criteria that seemed the most tangible: research dynamism, measured through the number of patent\u00a0 filing requests (industry driver), and fundraising for technology and digital start-ups, which testifies to the potential for economic\u00a0 development. Reviewing the development of these variables against the backdrop of successive industrialisation plans implemented by\u00a0 the Ministry of Industry, Trade, and the Green and Digital Economy since the mid-2000s highlights a correlation. As shown in the figure\u00a0\u00a0 elow, thanks to industrial policies, as well as the country\u2019s stability and closeness to the European Union, Morocco has become a top\u00a0 destination for foreign investors.<\/p>\n

Since 2005, three major industrial strategies have succeeded each other, with a substantial effect on the\u00a0 development of the number of patents filed. Nevertheless, these effects seem to differ based on the nature of the players considered.\u00a0 Indeed, patents filed by non-residents tripled between 2014 and 2018, whilst those filed by Moroccan residents almost halved over the\u00a0 same period.<\/p>\n

The dynamism of national research seems to be losing momentum and remains mostly the domain of universities (58% in\u00a0 2018), with Moroccan companies only requesting 9% of patent applications.<\/p>\n

At the same time, the significant growth in filings from\u00a0 abroad testifies to the increased appeal of the country. This can be explained by two factors. First, the presence of foreign actors in\u00a0 Morocco has intensified across various sectors, like the automotive or aeronautics sectors, following the Industrial Acceleration Plan.\u00a0 Second, the implementation of a new way of filing patents by the European Patent Office, thanks a partnership with the Ministry of\u00a0 Industry, Trade, and the Green and Digital Economy in 2015, enables those filing patents in the European Union to also request patent\u00a0 protection in Morocco. Thus, the USA (20%) and European countries, with France and Germany in the lead (8% each), are the most\u00a0 represented among the countries of origin of those filing patents.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Patent filing requests in Morocco (2005\u20132018) and industrialisation strategies<\/u>\"\"<\/p>\n

Note:<\/strong>
\nWe have analysed the development of the number of patent applications because of the ease of access to this data. Though this makes it possible to have a vision of the effects of the successive industrial policies, it does not make it possible to assess the entirety of their effect<\/em><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

B. But the funds raised by start-ups remain modest compared with other countries in the region
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fundraising constitutes another indicator of the dynamism of the innovation sector. Though it is difficult to establish a causal link\u00a0 between fundraising and the practice of filing patents, these two phenomena constitute complementary indicators of the dynamism of\u00a0 innovation in the countries concerned.<\/p>\n

The spread of fundraising practices reflects, in particular, the growing participation of national and\u00a0 international private players in innovation financing. However, the small amounts concerned tend to show the predominance of public capital in innovation financing or indeed the internalisation of innovation by existing companies.<\/p>\n

In terms of fundraising, Morocco places 12th in Africa in 2019 with USD 7 million raised by technology and digital start-ups (vs USD 3 million in 2018 corresponding to 15th\u00a0 place)3<\/sup>. We have gathered data to compare the situations in Algeria, Tunisia, Nigeria, Kenya and Egypt with that of Morocco. The\u00a0 differences can be explained by various factors such as access to financing, financing raised in other countries or the use of alternative\u00a0 eans of financing. In particular, we have put the amounts raised in perspective by setting them against the respective GDPs of each\u00a0 country. Finally, for all these countries except Algeria (for which we do not have enough data), we have studied the development of the\u00a0 amounts raised between 2018 and 2019.<\/p>\n

Generally speaking, we note an increase in fundraising over these two years: Morocco, Kenya, Nigeria, Egypt and Tunisia all experience a significant increase in the amounts collected. As for the amounts themselves, Kenya and\u00a0 Nigeria stand out clearly from the other countries. The case of Nigeria may be explained simply by the size of the country\u2019s economy (USD 368 billion in 2018); the case of Kenya, however, is different (USD 87 billion in 2018). Indeed, Kenya proves to be fertile ground\u00a0 for the development of startups. Widely distributed low-cost internet and the digitalisation of payments in 2007 with the launch of\u00a0 M-Pesa, a mobile phone money-transfer system, have greatly facilitated transactions and have been a boon to entrepreneurs in the country.<\/p>\n

By way of comparison, the amounts raised in Morocco seem low in relation to the country\u2019s GDP (USD 120 billion in 2018).\u00a0 Beyond the difference in the size of the economies considered, there may be various reasons for this result: fewer private initiatives due to\u00a0 an economy structured around rent-based activities or in low-risk sectors, insufficient tax incentives for both entrepreneurs and\u00a0 investors or even the less prevalent practice of fundraising.<\/p>\n

The lower access to fundraising in Morocco compared with other African\u00a0 countries (Egypt, Nigeria, Kenya, Rwanda, etc.) can also be explained by the language. In contrast to the francophone Morocco, the other countries mentioned are anglophone, meaning they are more easily able to capture foreign capital (particularly coming from the US and\u00a0 the UK).<\/p>\n

These figures can be used on a macroeconomic scale to measure trends, such as the opening of certain economies to foreign capital, but they also reveal the level of appropriation of certain best practices by local players. In this context, public policies can play a facilitating role in a \u2018top\u2013down\u2019 approach. Nevertheless, local realities should not be ignored. Indeed, beyond public policies, it is the players\u2019 actions and the quality of their interactions that enable them to create together innovative programmes and determine the\u00a0 dynamism of a sector. OCP, as mentioned in part 2, is a prime example of this and highlights the importance of involving all players in the\u00a0 implementation of an innovation ecosystem.<\/p>\n

Thus, using best practices inspired by foreign countries could strengthen local ecosystems. These measures would be of such a nature as to enable the realisation of the innovation potential of a country like Morocco by promoting the rise of start-ups.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Development of fundraising between 2018 and 2019<\/u>\"\"<\/p>\n

Source: Partech (fundraising) and World Bank (GDP)<\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Si ces chiffres peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle macro\u00e9conomique pour mesurer des tendances telle que l\u2019ouverture de certaines \u00e9conomies aux capitaux ext\u00e9rieurs, ils r\u00e9v\u00e8lent aussi l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019appropriation de certaines bonnes pratiques par les acteurs locaux. Dans ce contexte, les politiques publiques peuvent jouer le r\u00f4le de facilitateur dans une approche \u00ab top-down \u00bb. N\u00e9anmoins les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s locales ne oivent pas \u00eatre ignor\u00e9es. En effet, au-del\u00e0 des politiques publiques, ce sont les jeux d\u2019acteurs et la qualit\u00e9 des interactions qui permettent la co-construction de programmes innovants et d\u00e9terminent le dynamisme d\u2019un secteur. L\u2019exemple de l\u2019OCP abord\u00e9 dans la partie 2 est \u00e0 e titre \u00e9vocateur et souligne l\u2019importance d\u2019impliquer l\u2019ensemble des acteurs dans la mise en place d\u2019un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me d\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, la diffusion des meilleures pratiques inspir\u00e9es des pays \u00e9trangers pourrait renforcer les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes locaux. De telles mesures seraient de nature \u00e0 permettre la r\u00e9alisation du potentiel d\u2019innovation de pays comme le Maroc, en favorisant l\u2019essor des start-ups.<\/p>\n

\n
1<\/sup><\/a> Relationship between the number of existing support structures in the region and all existing support structures in Morocco
\n<\/em><\/h5>\n
2<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019\u00e9conomiste.com, Edition n\u00b05032, 2017, \u2018F\u00e8s-UEMF : Une universit\u00e9 \u00e0 la fine pointe de la technologie\u2019
\n<\/em><\/h5>\n
3<\/sup><\/a> Partech, 2019 Africa Tech Venture Capital report, page 13 (released in January 2020)
\nNote on methodology: Partech, a venture capital fund, publishes the ranking of fundraising rounds in Africa annually
\nThe start-ups taken into consideration must fulfil the following criteria: (i) the start-ups are tech and \/ or digital, (ii) their market is Africa (in both
\noperations and revenues) and (iii) the funds raised exceed USD 200,000<\/em><\/a><\/em><\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SUPPORTING START-UPS Episode 1: How do business support structures enable value creation in France? Episode 2: Business support structures looking for a new role and new models   IN SUMMARY At a time when innovation is increasingly becoming the driving force behind all economies, start-ups find themselves on the front line thanks to their simple […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22631,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[122],"tags":[174],"class_list":["post-22669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-perspectives","tag-perspectives"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSupporting start-ups Episode 3 - How is the Moroccan innovation ecosystem being built? - Accuracy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accuracy.com\/en_gb\/supporting-start-ups-episode-3-how-is-the-moroccan-innovation-ecosystem-being-built\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Supporting start-ups Episode 3 - How is the Moroccan innovation ecosystem being built?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SUPPORTING START-UPS Episode 1: How do business support structures enable value creation in France? 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